Investigation of repressive and enhancive effects of fruit extracts on the activity of glucose-6-phophatase

Glucose-6-phosphatase is a key enzyme of glucose metabolic pathways. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to glycogen storage disease. This enzyme also plays a negative role in diabetes mellitus disorder in which the catalytic activity of this enzyme increases. Thus there is need for activators to enhance the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in glycogen storage disease of type 1b while in diabetes mellitus repressors are needed to reduce its activity. Crude extracts of apricot, fig, mulberry and apple fruits were investigated for their repressive/enhancive effects on glucose-6- phosphatase in vivo. Albino mice were used as experimental animal. All the selected extracts showed depressive effects on glucose-6-phosphatase, which shows that all these extracts can be used as antidiabetic supplement of food. The inhibitory pattern was competitive one, which was evident from the effect of increasing dose from 1g/Kg body weight to 3g/Kg body weight for all the selected fruit extracts. However fig and apple fruit extracts showed high repressive effects for high doses as compared to apricot and mulberry fruit extracts. None of these selected fruit extracts showed enhancive effect on glucose-6-phosphatase activity. All these fruits or their extracts can be used as antidiabetic dietary supplement for diabetes mellitus

Validated spectrofluorimetric method for determination of sulpiride in commercial formulations using Hantzsch condensation reaction

A simple, sensitive, selective and cost effective spectrofluorimetric method has been established for the quantification of sulpiride after their complete alkaline hydrolysis. The method is based on the condensation of the primary amino group of alkaline hydrolytic product of sulpiride with acetyl acetone and formaldehyde in acidic medium [0.25 M HCl] to form a fluorescent product. The reaction product formed shows maximum fluorescence intensity at 483 nm after excitation at 431 nm. The different reaction conditions influencing the condensation reaction were carefully optimized and a linear range of 0.1-3.5 micro g mL[-1] with good correlation coefficient between florescent intensity and concentration of sulpiride was found at optimum parameters. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 11 and 39 ng mL[-1] respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for the quantification of sulpiride in bulk powder and commercial formulations. The effect of common pharmaceutical excipients and co-administered drug was also studied and no interferences were observed. The validity of the method was tested by analyzing sulpiride in bulk powder, and pharmaceutical formulations through recovery studies. Recoveries [%] were obtained from 98.62 to 100.24% for bulk powder, and 97.09 to 100.57% for commercial formulations. The results were validated statistically with those obtained by reference literature high performance liquid chromatographic method

Quantification of sparfloxacin in pharmaceutical dosages and biological samples

A simple and fast method for spectrophotometric determination of sparfloxacin using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde [DMAB] has been developed. A yellow coloured product formed from reaction between sparfloxacin and DMAB as a result of condensation reaction at room temperature. The maximum absorbance was found at 392 nm with molar absorptivity of 4.9 × 10[3] L mol[-1] cm[-1]. All parameters for the reaction, as concentration of DMBA reagent, molarity of sulphuric acid, and reaction temperature were studied. Under the conditions studied, a linear relationship between absorbance of the condensation product and concentration of sparfloxacin in the range of 2.0-80.0 microg m[E1] was found with good correlation coefficient [0.9997]. The limits of detection [LOD] and quantification [LOQ] for the proposed method were found to be 0.22 and 0.75 microg m[E1] respectively. The repeatability and accuracy [model] of the method was studied at three different concentrations of sparfloxacin and found with value of relative standard deviation less than 2.0%. The method was found selective for determination of sparfloxacin in the presence of commonly used excipients in dosage forms. The developed method was validated statistically and applied successfully to the analysis of the drug in pure form, pharmaceutical preparations, and spiked blood plasma and urine samples with good accuracy [real] and precision. The percentage recovery was found from 99.0-100.0% with relative standard deviation less than 1%. The results of the proposed method were compared statistically with the results of literature HPLC method

Changes in lipoprotein concentration in primiparous women with pregnancy induced hypertension

Pregnancy induced hypertension is a multi' system disorder of pregnancy and is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. To evaluate changes in serum lipoproteins in primiparous women with pregnancy induced hypertension and compare it with pregnant women having normal blood pressure. This cross sectional study was conducted in 120 pregnancy induced hypertension cases and 21 normotensive pregnant women at gestational age of>20 weeks. History of each woman was recorded on a questionnaire. Height, weight and blood pressure was measured using standard methods, About 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for the analysis of lipoproteins. The data was analyzed using computer software package SPSS version 10. The P Value <0.05 was statistically significant. Mean age of hypertensive cases was 23.7 +/- 0.42 years while that for controls was 23.9 +/- 1.16 years. Significant differences were found in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [P <0. 001], very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [P <0. 05], triglycerides [P <0. 01], total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [P <0. 001], serum triglycerides/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [P <0.0001], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/very low density Iipoprotein-cholesterol ratio [P <0. 0001] and apolipoprotein Al level [P <0.001] among the groups. However, no significant difference [P>0.05] was noted in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B 100, high density lipoprotein/apolipoprotein Al and low density lipoprotein/apolipoprotein B100 ratio in women with pregnancy induced hypertension and normotensive pregnant women. Women who developed pregnancy induced hypertension had 28.8%, 29.5%, 3 1.1%, 32.9% and 65.3% significantly higher, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and triglycerides/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio respectively than the controls. The high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and apolipoprotein-A I were 26.9%, 56.6% and 27.9% respectively lower in women with pregnancy induced hypertension than in controls. This study suggests that evaluation of lipoprotein concentrations during antenatal period can be helpful in the early detection and prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension